EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance), izwi kandi nka sisitemu yo gukumira ubujura bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike, ni imwe mu ngamba zikoreshwa cyane mu gucunga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa mu nganda nini zicuruza.EAS yatangijwe muri Amerika hagati mu myaka ya za 1960 rwagati, ikoreshwa mu nganda z’imyenda, yaguye ibihugu n’uturere birenga 80 ku isi, kandi isaba amaduka y’amashami, supermarket, inganda z’ibitabo, cyane cyane mu maduka manini (ububiko) ) Porogaramu.Sisitemu ya EAS igizwe n'ibice bitatu: Sensor, Deactivator, Ikirango cya elegitoroniki na Tag.Ibirango bya elegitoronike bigabanijwemo ibirango byoroshye kandi bikomeye, ibirango byoroshye bifite igiciro gito, bifatanye neza nibicuruzwa byinshi "bikomeye", ibirango byoroshye ntibishobora kongera gukoreshwa;ibirango bikomeye bifite igiciro cyigihe kimwe, ariko birashobora kongera gukoreshwa.Ibirango bikomeye bigomba kuba bifite imitego idasanzwe yimisumari kubintu byoroshye, byinjira.Decoders ahanini nibikoresho bidafite aho bihuriye n'uburebure bwa decoding.Iyo kashi yiyandikishije cyangwa yapakiwe, label ya elegitoronike irashobora gushushanywa ntaho ihuriye na demagnetisation.Hariho kandi ibikoresho bihuza decoder hamwe na laser barcode scaneri hamwe kugirango barangize icyegeranyo cyibicuruzwa hamwe na decode inshuro imwe kugirango byorohereze akazi ka kashi.Ubu buryo bugomba gufatanya nuwitanga lazeri ya barcode kugirango ikureho imikoranire hagati yibi byombi no kunoza decoding sensibilité.Ibicuruzwa bidafite kode bikavanwa mu isoko, kandi gutabaza nyuma y’igikoresho cya detector (cyane cyane umuryango) bizatera impuruza, kugira ngo byibutse kashi, abakiriya n’abashinzwe umutekano mu isoko kubikemura mu gihe gikwiye.
Kubireba sisitemu ya EAS itahura abatwara ibimenyetso, hariho sisitemu esheshatu cyangwa zirindwi zitandukanye hamwe namahame atandukanye.Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye buranga ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, imikorere ya sisitemu nayo iratandukanye cyane.Kugeza ubu, sisitemu esheshatu za EAS zagaragaye ni sisitemu ya electroniki ya magnetiki, sisitemu ya microwave, sisitemu ya radiyo / radiyo, sisitemu yo kugabana inshuro nyinshi, sisitemu yo kwiyitirira ubwenge, na sisitemu ya magnetiki acoustic.Imashanyarazi ya electronique, microwave, radio / RF sisitemu yagaragaye mbere, ariko bigarukira kumahame yabo, nta terambere rikomeye mubikorwa.Kurugero, sisitemu ya microwave nubwo isohoka ryagutse ryagutse, ryoroshye kandi ryoroshye (urugero rwihishe munsi ya tapi cyangwa kumanikwa hejuru), ariko rishobora kwibasirwa n’amazi nko gukingira abantu, ryagiye riva ku isoko rya EAS.Sisitemu yo kugabana inshuro ni label ikomeye gusa, ikoreshwa cyane mukurinda imyenda, ntishobora gukoreshwa muri supermarket;kubera ko sisitemu yo gutabaza ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubintu byagaciro nka premium premium, uruhu, ikote ryubwoya, nibindi.;sisitemu ya acoustic sisitemu nintambwe ikomeye muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo kurwanya ubujura, yateje imbere ubujura bwa elegitoronike kubacuruzi benshi kuva bwatangira mu 1989.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana imikorere ya sisitemu ya EAS harimo igipimo cyo kumenya sisitemu, raporo y'ibinyoma ya sisitemu, ubushobozi bwo kwivanga mu bidukikije, urugero rwo gukingira ibyuma, ubugari bwo kurinda, ubwoko bwibicuruzwa birinda, imikorere / ingano y'ibirango birwanya ubujura, ibikoresho bya demagnetisation, n'ibindi.

(1) Igipimo cy'ibizamini:
Igipimo cyo gutahura bivuga umubare wimpuruza mugihe umubare wibirango byemewe byanyuze ahantu hatandukanye mugace kamenyekana mubyerekezo bitandukanye.
Bitewe nicyerekezo cya sisitemu zimwe, igitekerezo cyo kumenya igipimo kigomba gushingira ku kigereranyo cyo gutahura mu byerekezo byose.Ukurikije amahame atatu akoreshwa cyane ku isoko, igipimo cyo kumenya sisitemu ya magnetiki acoustic nicyo kinini, muri rusange kirenga 95%;sisitemu ya radio / RF iri hagati ya 60-80%, naho imiyoboro ya electromagnetique iri hagati ya 50 na 70%.Sisitemu ifite igipimo gito cyo gutahura irashobora kuba ifite igipimo cyo kumeneka mugihe ibicuruzwa bisohotse, bityo igipimo cyo gutahura nikimwe mubipimo byingenzi byerekana imikorere yo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwa sisitemu yo kurwanya ubujura.

(2) Sisitemu mbi:
Sisitemu yo kubeshya yerekana impuruza ko ikirango kitari ubujura gikurura sisitemu.Niba ikintu kitashyizweho ikimenyetso gikurura impuruza, bizazanira abakozi abakozi kubacira urubanza no kugikemura, ndetse bigatera amakimbirane hagati yabakiriya nubucuruzi.Bitewe n'amahame agarukira, sisitemu isanzwe ya EAS ntishobora gukuraho burundu impuruza y'ibinyoma, ariko hazabaho itandukaniro mubikorwa, urufunguzo rwo guhitamo sisitemu nukubona igipimo cyo gutabaza.

(3) Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibidukikije
Iyo ibikoresho bihungabanye (cyane cyane kubitanga amashanyarazi n urusaku ruyikikije), sisitemu yohereza ikimenyetso cyo gutabaza mugihe ntamuntu unyuze cyangwa ntakintu cyatangiriye gutambuka, ibintu byitwa raporo yibinyoma cyangwa kwiyitirira.
Sisitemu ya Radio / RF ikunze kwibangamira ibidukikije, akenshi iririmbira ubwayo, bityo sisitemu zimwe zashyizeho ibikoresho bya infragre, bihwanye no kongera amashanyarazi, gusa iyo abakozi binyuze muri sisitemu, bahagarika infragre, sisitemu yatangiye gukora, ntamuntu urengana , Sisitemu iri mu gihagararo.Nubwo ibi bikemura kwatura mugihe ntawe utambutse, ariko ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo kwatura iyo umuntu arenganye.
Sisitemu ya electroniki ya magnetiki nayo irashobora kwibasirwa n’ibidukikije, cyane cyane itangazamakuru rya rukuruzi hamwe n’itangwa ry’amashanyarazi, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya sisitemu.
Sisitemu ya magnetiki acoustic ikoresha intera idasanzwe ya resonance kandi igafatanya nubuhanga bwubwenge, sisitemu igenzurwa na microcomputer na software kugirango ihite imenya urusaku rwibidukikije, bityo irashobora guhuza neza nibidukikije kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya ibidukikije.

(4) Urwego rwo gukingira ibyuma
Ibicuruzwa byinshi mumasoko no mumaduka manini bitwara ibintu byibyuma, nkibiryo, itabi, amavuta yo kwisiga, ibiyobyabwenge, nibindi, hamwe nibicuruzwa byabo bwite, nka bateri, CD / VCD, ibikoresho byo gutunganya imisatsi, ibikoresho byuma, nibindi.;n'amagare yo guhaha hamwe n'ibitebo byo guhaha bitangwa nubucuruzi.Ingaruka yibintu birimo ibyuma kuri sisitemu ya EAS ahanini ningaruka zo gukingira ikirango cya induction, kugirango igikoresho cyo gutahura sisitemu ntigishobora kumenya neza ikirango kiboneka cyangwa ko sensibilité yo kugabanuka igabanuka cyane, biganisha kuri sisitemu ntabwo tanga impuruza.
Byibasiwe cyane nicyuma gikingira ibyuma ni sisitemu ya radio / RF RF, ishobora kuba imwe mumbogamizi nyamukuru yimikorere ya radio / RF mugukoresha nyabyo.Sisitemu ya Electromagnetic wave nayo izagerwaho nibintu byuma.Iyo icyuma kinini cyinjiye ahantu hagaragara sisitemu ya electromagnetic sisitemu, sisitemu izagaragara "guhagarara".Iyo igare ryicyuma cyo kugura hamwe nigitebo cyo guhaha cyanyuze, nubwo ibicuruzwa birimo bizaba bifite ibirango byemewe, ntabwo bizatanga impuruza kubera gukingira.Usibye ibicuruzwa byicyuma nkibikono byicyuma, sisitemu ya magnetique acoustic izagira ingaruka, nibindi bikoresho byicyuma / icyuma cyuma, igare ryicyuma / igitebo cyo guhaha nibindi bintu bya supermarket bisanzwe birashobora gukora mubisanzwe.

(5) Ubugari bwo kurinda
Amaduka acururizwamo akeneye gusuzuma ubugari bwo kurinda sisitemu yo kurwanya ubujura, kugirango hatirindwa ubugari hagati yinkunga hejuru yinkwi, bigira ingaruka kubakiriya no hanze.Byongeye kandi, amaduka manini yose arashaka kugira ubwinjiriro bwagutse kandi busohoka.

(6) Kurinda ubwoko bwibicuruzwa
Ibicuruzwa muri supermarket birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri.Ubwoko bumwe nibicuruzwa "byoroshye", nk'imyenda, inkweto n'ingofero, ibicuruzwa byo kuboha, ubu bwoko muri rusange bwo gukoresha ibirango bikomeye, birashobora gukoreshwa;ubundi bwoko nibicuruzwa "bikomeye", nk'amavuta yo kwisiga, ibiryo, shampoo, nibindi, ukoresheje label yoroshye yo kurinda, antimagnetisation muri kashi, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa.
Kubirango bikomeye, amahame atandukanye ya sisitemu yo kurwanya ubujura arinda ubwoko bumwe bwibicuruzwa.Ariko kubirango byoroshye, biratandukanye cyane bitewe ningaruka zitandukanye ziva mubyuma.

(7) Imikorere yibirango birwanya ubujura
Ikirango cyo kurwanya ubujura nigice cyingenzi muri sisitemu yose yo kurwanya ubujura.Imikorere ya label yo kurwanya ubujura igira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu yose yo kurwanya ubujura.Ibirango bimwe bishobora kwibasirwa nubushuhe;bamwe ntibunama;bamwe barashobora kwihisha byoroshye mubisanduku byibicuruzwa;bimwe bizatanga amabwiriza yingirakamaro kubintu, nibindi.

(8) Ibikoresho byerekana ibimenyetso
Kwizerwa no koroshya ibikoresho bya demagtisation nabyo ni ibintu byingenzi muguhitamo sisitemu yo kurwanya ubujura.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi byateye imbere bya demagnetisation ntaho bihuriye, bitanga urwego runaka rwa demagmagnetisation.Iyo ikirango cyiza kinyuze, label demagnetisation ihita irangira nta guhuza na demagmagnetisation, byorohereza korohereza imikorere ya kashi kandi byihutisha kashi.
Sisitemu ya EAS ikoreshwa kenshi hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kurwanya ubujura, busanzwe hamwe no gukurikirana CCTV (CCTV) no gukurikirana amafaranga (POS / EM).Sisitemu yo kugenzura kashi yagenewe abakusanya amafaranga kugirango babone amafaranga menshi buri munsi kandi bakunda kwibwa.Ikoresha tekinoroji yo guhuzagurika yimikorere ya kashi hamwe na ecran ya CCTV kugirango igenzure neza ko ubuyobozi bwibicuruzwa bumenya uko nyirubwite ameze.
EAS izaza izibanda cyane kubintu bibiri: Umujura Source Label Programme (Source Tagging) naho ubundi ni Wireless Recognition Technology (ID ID).Kuberako ID ID iterwa no gukura kwikoranabuhanga hamwe nibiciro, ntabwo bizakoreshwa neza nabakoresha vuba.
Gahunda ya label yinkomoko mubyukuri nibisubizo byanze bikunze byubucuruzi hagamijwe kugabanya ibiciro, kunoza imiyoborere no kongera inyungu.Ikoreshwa cyane mubibazo bya sisitemu ya EAS ni ikimenyetso cya elegitoronike ku bwoko butandukanye, byongera ingorane zo kuyobora.Igisubizo cyiza kuri iki kibazo nacyo gisubizo cyanyuma nukwimura umurimo wo kuranga uwakoze ibicuruzwa, hanyuma ugashyira ikirango cyo kurwanya ubujura mubicuruzwa cyangwa gupakira mubikorwa byo gukora ibicuruzwa.Inkomoko yinkomoko mubyukuri ibisubizo byubufatanye hagati yabagurisha, ababikora, nabakora sisitemu yo kurwanya ubujura.Inkomoko yinkomoko ituma ubwiyongere bwibicuruzwa bigurishwa, bizana byinshi byorohereza abakiriya.Mubyongeyeho, gushyira ikirango nabyo birahishe cyane, kugabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika, no kunoza imikorere yo kurwanya ubujura.